The Catholic Church holds dear the sacrament of Extreme Unction, more commonly known today as the Anointing of the Sick. This sacrament, rooted deeply in the Christian tradition, is recognized not merely as a beneficial rite but as a true and proper sacrament instituted by Jesus Christ. This blog post will explore the theological underpinnings and historical affirmations of Extreme Unction as a sacrament, drawing upon the authoritative works of Ludwig Ott and the writings of the Church Fathers.
Theological Foundations by Ludwig Ott
Ludwig Ott, in his seminal work “Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma,” asserts that Extreme Unction is indeed a sacrament instituted by Christ. Ott explains that this sacrament is intended for the spiritual and, if God wills, physical strengthening of the sick person. It is a sacrament that prepares the soul for its journey from this life to the next, providing not only forgiveness of sins but also the grace to confront illness and suffering with fortitude.
Ott discusses the scriptural basis for Extreme Unction, particularly citing James 5:14-15, which instructs the elders of the Church to anoint the sick with oil in the name of the Lord, promising that the prayer of faith will save the sick person and the Lord will raise him up, and if he has committed sins, he will be forgiven. Ott interprets this passage as clear evidence of the sacramental intention behind the rite, instituted by the Apostles in obedience to Christ’s command (Ott, Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma).
Historical Affirmations from the Church Fathers
Turning to the early Church Fathers, we find that the sacramental nature of Extreme Unction was clearly understood and articulated. For instance, St. Cyril of Alexandria sees in the anointing of the sick a continuation of the healing and forgiving ministry of Jesus, carried out through the hands of the priests. He correlates the sacrament directly to the apostolic tradition, which practiced it as an ordinance given by the Lord Himself (Commentary on the Gospel of St. Luke).
Furthermore, Origen, writing in the 3rd century, referred to the epistle of James when discussing the practices of anointing in the Church, understanding it as a form of medicinal sacrament not only for the body but also for the soul. This early theological reflection supports the view that Extreme Unction was more than a mere ecclesiastical practice; it was a sacrament given for the spiritual aid and comfort of those nearing the end of their earthly lives (Origen, Homilies on Leviticus).
Conclusion
The sacrament of Extreme Unction, as attested by Ludwig Ott and the writings of the Church Fathers, stands as a profound testament to the Church’s care for the faithful in their most vulnerable moments. Instituted by Christ and practiced by the Apostles, its sacred purpose is woven into the very fabric of ecclesial life, offering grace, forgiveness, and strength. As modern-day believers, embracing this sacrament allows us to connect with a practice deeply rooted in apostolic tradition, reaffirming our trust in God’s saving power even at the hour of our death.
This understanding not only deepens our appreciation of the sacrament itself but also enriches our spiritual lives by connecting us more fully with the traditions and teachings of the early Church. As we continue to explore and practice the rich sacramental life of the Church, may we always cherish the profound gift of Extreme Unction, which aids the faithful in their final pilgrimage towards eternal life.