Feast Day: December 7
Titles: Bishop, Confessor, Doctor of the Church
Patron of: Milan, beekeepers, students, and those learning catechism
Early Life
St. Ambrose was born in Trier, Germany, around 340 AD, into a noble Roman family. His father, a praetorian prefect of Gaul, provided him with an exceptional education in law, literature, and rhetoric. Following his father’s death, Ambrose entered public service and became the governor of Liguria and Emilia, with headquarters in Milan, Italy.
Episcopal Appointment
The city of Milan was embroiled in a fierce theological conflict between Catholics and Arians. When the Arian bishop of Milan died, the people demanded a new bishop. Despite being a catechumen—unbaptized and untrained in theology—Ambrose intervened to calm the situation. His wise words impressed the crowd so much that they unanimously called for him to be made bishop.
Ambrose initially resisted, feeling unworthy, but upon receiving baptism, confirmation, ordination, and consecration in rapid succession, he became bishop of Milan in 374 AD.
Pastoral Leadership
As bishop, Ambrose was renowned for his zeal, holiness, and eloquence. He defended orthodox Catholic teaching, particularly against the Arian heresy, which denied the divinity of Christ. He used his influence with emperors and public officials to protect the Church, boldly excommunicating Emperor Theodosius I after the massacre of 7,000 people in Thessalonica. Ambrose demanded Theodosius perform public penance, illustrating his fearless commitment to justice and morality.
Contributions to the Church
- Theological Works:
St. Ambrose wrote extensively, producing commentaries on Scripture, treatises on the sacraments, and theological defenses of the faith. His writings on the Holy Spirit, the Virgin Mary, and the sacraments were pivotal in shaping Church doctrine. - Liturgical Reform:
Ambrose introduced the Ambrosian Chant, a form of plainchant still in use today in the liturgy of the Milanese Church. He emphasized the importance of congregational singing during worship. - Catechesis:
Known for his instruction of catechumens, Ambrose was instrumental in converting and baptizing St. Augustine of Hippo, who credited Ambrose’s eloquence and holiness for leading him to the faith.
Miracles and Holiness
St. Ambrose was reputed for miraculous events during his life, including the discovery of the relics of martyrs Gervasius and Protasius, which brought numerous healings and conversions. His life of prayer, asceticism, and dedication inspired both clergy and laity alike.
Death and Legacy
St. Ambrose died on April 4, 397, at the age of 57. His influence endures through his writings, hymns, and pastoral model. Declared a Doctor of the Church, he remains a shining example of a shepherd who defended the faith with courage and humility.
St. Ambrose’s tomb rests in the Basilica of Sant’Ambrogio in Milan, alongside the relics of Saints Gervasius and Protasius.
Key Quotations
- “The emperor is in the Church, not above the Church.”
- “When we are in doubt, let us turn to God, for He is our refuge and our help in time of trouble.”
Prayer to St. Ambrose
O glorious St. Ambrose, who stood firm in the defense of truth and justice, inspire us to love Christ and His Church above all. Grant us courage to proclaim the Gospel with wisdom and humility, that we may follow your example and grow in holiness. Amen.